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Effektiwiteit van KAN teenoor ureum, by verskillende tye van toediening, onder droë omstandighede vir mielies

By FERTILIZER PRODUCTS, Nitrogen, Nitrogen Products, PLANT & SOIL NUTRITION, Uncategorized

  ENGLISH: Efficacy of LAN compared to urea under dry conditions for maize Inleiding Stikstof (N) word normaalweg onder relatief hoë reënval beter benut wanneer dit later toegedien word, teen 4 tot 8 weke na plant, in vergelyking met voorplant toedienings (Grove et.al.1980). Daarteenoor het toedienings teen 2 weke na plant hoër opbrengs gelewer wanneer dit relatief droog is in vergelyking met toedienings teen 5 en 9 weke na plant (Adriaanse and Human 1993). ʼn Nitraat-N: ammonium-N verhouding van 1:1 het hoër opbrengs as ʼn 1:0 of 0:1 verhouding gelewer wanneer dit 2 weke na plant toegedien is (Adriaanse and Human, 1993). Soortgelyk is aangetoon dat kombinasies van nitraat en ammonium meer effektief was onder veldtoestande as enige van die twee vorms afsonderlik (Adriaanse, 1990 and Adriaanse and Human, 1991). Wanneer KAN in grondwater oplos is dit reeds in ʼn 1:1 nitraat-N: ammonium-N verhouding en gereed vir gewas-opname. In kontras hiermee is ureum nie tot dieselfde mate geredelik beskikbaar vir opname wanneer dit in grondwater oplos nie. Die tempo van direkte ureum-opname is stadiger as die van ammonium-N of nitraat-N. Ammonium-N sal ook direkte ureum-opname inhibeer. Selfs wanneer nitraat-N konsentrasies 25% minder is as ureum-N konsentrasies sal dit vinniger opgeneem word as ureum-N. Ureum word deur die proses van hidrolise slegs na ammonium omgeskakel en dan verder deur die proses van nitrifikasie na nitraat. Hierdie prosesse mag ʼn paar dae tot verskeie weke duur. Lae temperature, nat toestande en lae pH sal hierdie prosesse vertraag. Verder is ureum meer toksies, meer loogbaar en meer vervlugtigend as KAN (Adriaanse 2012a). Verskeie studies het hoër opbrengs vir KAN teenoor ureum aangetoon wanneer dit oor jare en oor lokaliteite vergelyk is (Adriaanse, 2012a, Adriaanse 2012b, Mangle and Hawkins, 1995, Levington Agriculture, 2009, ITGC, 2004, Avails, 1998). Die doel van die studie was om KAN en ureum met betrekking tot die volgende onder spesifieke droë omstandighede te ondersoek: Die optimum tyd vir N-toedienings. Die effektiwiteit van KAN teenoor ureum oor N-peile wat drie weke voor-plant, met-plant en drie weke na plant langs die rye in die grond gebandplaas is. Die effektiwiteit van KAN teenoor ureum by verskillende N-peile oor tye van toediening. Materiaal and Metodes Navorsing deur die LNR-IGG in die Viljoenskroondistrik is oor ‘n 3 jaar tydperk vanaf 1998 tot 2000 op dieselfde persele onderneem. Die grond was van die Avalon-grondvorm met ‘n sagte plintiet laag wat wissel in diepte van 1.2 m tot 1.7 m. Die klei-inhoude vir verskillende diepte inkremente was 9.1 % van 0 tot 15 cm, 10.4 % van 15 tot 30 cm en 16.0 % van 30 tot 60 cm. Die proef is elke jaar voorafgegaan deur ‘n rip-op-ry-bewerking tot op ‘n diepte van 0.6 tot 0.7 m. Behandelings het uit 5 stikstof-peile (35 tot 175 kg N/ha, 3 tye van toediening (voor-plant, met-plant of na-plant) en 2 N-bronne (KAN of Ureum) plus 2 kontroles (0 kg N/ha) bestaan wat faktoriaal gekombineer is in ‘n ewekansige blokontwerp en twee keer herhaal is. Toediening was 3 weke voor-plant, met-plant of…

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WELCOME TO AGRISPEX

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Welcome to Agrispex; I’m delighted to officially launch Agrispex today as I begin my 30th year of service to the fertilizer industry. There is no doubt that climate change is a reality as is the fact that the world population will increase by 400 million people within the next five years, placing greater demands on agriculture to produce staple foods while at the same competing with urban populations and industry for limited water resources and arable land. Exciting advances in agricultural production including the integrated use of bio-fertilizers, bio-stimulants and bio-pesticides in fertilizer programs combined with new technologies continue to  enable commercial agriculture to successfully face the challenges of increasing  production costs and fluctuating returns determined by the supply and demand for safe food. South African soil erosion losses are estimated to be 300 million tons per year which combined with the losses of soil nutrients, soil organic matter, reduced soil water holding capacity  and increased soil acidification collectively threaten sustainability. The adoption of conservation agriculture practices are essential for long term maintenance of our soils, biodiversity and natural systems; especially our rivers, estuaries and marine ecosystems. The long term aim of Agrispex is to promote  soil productivity and the conservation of agri-ecosystems through the publication of scientifically based short articles that are easy to read, can be understood by the layman and serve as an on-line technical manual for students, farmers, agricultural advisors and marketers in the future. I trust that you find the current and future articles published useful and interesting and wish you successful visits to Agrispex in the future.  

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